The mango (Mangifera indica) is a tropical tree belonging to the sumac family (Anacardiaceae). The trees can grow up to 30-40 meters high and are characterized by their evergreen, leathery leaves, dense crowns, and aromatic, juicy fruits. The mango originally comes from South Asia and is now cultivated worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions, with cultivation found in over 100 countries. There are over 500 different mango varieties that differ in size, color, taste, and texture. The fruits of the mango can weigh between 200 grams and 2 kilograms depending on the variety. The mango is a plant that prefers high temperatures and high humidity. It can grow in various soils, but well-drained soils are essential for optimal development. The plant is susceptible to various pests and diseases that can affect the yield and quality of the fruits.

The mango has its origins in northeastern India, Myanmar, and Bangladesh. Today, the main cultivation areas are India, China, Thailand, Indonesia, Mexico, Brazil, the Philippines, and West Africa. The flowering time varies depending on the region, but it is usually between December and April. Harvesting usually takes place from March to August, depending on the variety and climatic conditions. The fruits are harvested by hand to maintain their quality and avoid transport damage. It is worth noting that India is the world's largest producer of mangoes, followed by China and Thailand.

The mango fruit has a long history dating back to 2000 BC. Historical records show that mango cultivation was widespread in ancient India and the fruits were a symbol of prosperity and happiness. The mango was spread to other parts of the world through trade and travel over the centuries.

Mango butter is extracted from the kernel of the mango fruit. The kernels are dried, peeled, and then cold-pressed or treated with solvent extraction to extract the valuable plant fat. This gentle manufacturing process largely preserves the valuable ingredients of the mango butter. The quality of the end product depends on various factors, such as the ripeness of the fruits, the cleanliness of processing, and storage. Careful handling of the raw materials and strict quality management are crucial for the production of high-quality mango butter.

Mango butter is characterized by its high content of unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic and stearic acid, as well as antioxidants and vitamins, such as vitamins A, C, and E. In addition, mango butter contains triterpenes, sterols, and tocopherols, which contribute to the antioxidant activity and health-promoting properties of mango butter. Mango butter has a creamy consistency and a mild odor, making it ideal for cosmetic and culinary applications.

Use of Mango Butter in the Cosmetic Industry:

Mango butter is often used in the cosmetic industry due to its nourishing, moisturizing, and antioxidant properties. The fatty acids contained in mango butter help strengthen the skin barrier and prevent moisture loss, while the antioxidants and vitamins fight free radicals and protect the skin from environmental stressors.

Mango butter is used in a variety of skin and hair care products, such as creams, lotions, soaps, lip balms, and sunscreens. It can also be used to make massage oils, bath additives, and aromatherapy products. The light texture and quick absorption of mango butter make it particularly suitable for sensitive or dry skin.  Use of Mango Butter in the Food Industry:

In the food industry, mango butter is used as a plant-based alternative to cocoa butter, as it has similar properties and a pleasant taste. It is

used in the production of chocolate, confectionery, and baked goods, as well as in the preparation of spreads and sauces. The high content of healthy fatty acids and antioxidants makes mango butter a valuable ingredient in health-conscious diets.

In addition to its culinary applications, mango butter is also used in the production of vegan and vegetarian products, as it serves as an excellent plant-based fat substitute for traditional animal fats. Its melting point, which is similar to that of human body temperature, allows it to melt easily and blend well with other ingredients, making it a popular choice in the formulation of various food products.

Mango butter is a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to other plant-based fats, as the mango tree is a perennial plant that can live and produce fruit for several decades. This means that the trees do not need to be replanted every year, reducing the environmental impact of cultivation.

Moreover, mango trees can be grown in mixed cultivation with other crops, which promotes biodiversity and helps to maintain a balanced ecosystem. The trees also contribute to carbon sequestration and soil conservation, making mango butter a more sustainable choice compared to other plant-based fats.

In conclusion, mango butter is a versatile and valuable plant-based fat with numerous applications in the cosmetic and food industries. Its unique composition and properties, as well as its sustainable and environmentally friendly nature, make it an attractive ingredient for a wide range of products.